Arboreal community of an Atlantic Forest hillside fragment in São Sebastião/SP
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18406/2316-1817v12n420201529Palavras-chave:
Degradation. Environment. Phytosociology. Recomposition.Resumo
The urban expansion and the growth of economic activities related to tourism added to the port and maritime ones, resulted in the occupation of the Serra do Mar, in the municipality of São Sebastião/SP, increasing environmental degradation. The objective of the study was to evaluate the arboreal patterns in a 0.111 ha fragment around a 4.8 ha clearing in an area of Atlantic Forest in the city of São Sebastião (SP), allowing the revegetation plan to include native species observed in the region. The phytosociological analyses used the Point-Centered Quarter Method (PCQM), using 50 sampling points (30 in close areas, 10 in the forest edge, and 10 near one of the areas drains), with a minimum distance of 20 meters between them. The main variables analyzed were commercial height, diameter to chest height, successional category, and dispersion syndrome. Also, the number of individuals of each species was observed, as well as their basal area (G), absolute and relative density (DA and DR) and dominance (DoA and DoR), relative frequency (FR), and importance value (VI). The results indicate a higher proportion of non-pioneer species, with Guapira oppositte (Vell.) presenting the highest value of importance and density, and the Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake with the highest basal area. The survey data indicate the richness of species in the study area, serving as a basis for strategies for management and conservation of the environment. Phytosociological studies, although scarce, are important to support the analysis of preservation and the use of nature.
Referências
ARRUDA, L.; DANIEL, O. Floristics and diversity in a seasonal alluvial semideciduous forest fragment in Dourados, MS (Portuguese). Revista Floresta, v. 37, p. 187-199, 2007.
AZEVEDO-SANTOS, V.M., FEARNSIDE, P.M., OLIVEIRA, C.S., PADIAL, A.A., PELICICE, F.M., LIMA JR., D.P., SIMBERLOFF, D., LOVEJOY, T.E., MAGALHÃES, A.L.B., ORSI, M.L., AGOSTINHO, A.A., ESTEVES, F.A., POMPEU, P.S., LAURANCE, W.F., PETRERE JR., M., MORMUL, R.P., VITULE, J.R.S., 2017. Removing the abyss between conservation science and policy decisions in Brazil. Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 26, p. 1745–1752, 2017.
BRAGANÇA, C.F. Serra do Mar degradation assessment (Portuguese). Ambiente – Revista CETESB de Tecnologia, v. l, p. 77, 1987.
BRANCALION, P.H.S, SCHWEIZER, D., GAUDARE, U., MANGUEIRA, J.R., LAMONATO, F., FARAH, F.T., NAVE, A.G., RODRIGUES, R.R. Balancing economic costs and ecological outcomes of passive and active restoration in agricultural landscapes: the case of Brazil. Biotropica, v. 48, n. 6, p. 856-867, 2016.
BUDKE, J.C.; ATHAYDE, E.A., GIEHL, E.L.H., ZÁCHIA, R.A., EISINGER, S.M. Composição florística e estratégias de dispersão de espécies lenhosas em uma floresta ribeirinha, arroio Passo das Tropas, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. Iheringia, v. 60, p.17-24, 2005.
CARVALHO, F.A. Síndromes de dispersão de espécies arbóreas de florestas ombrófilas submontanas do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Revista Árvore, v. 34, p. 1017-1023, 2010.
CHAVE J, et al. Improved allometric models to estimate the aboveground biomass of tropical trees. Global change biology, v. 20, n. 10, p. 3177-3190, 2014.
CHAZDON, R. L. Second Growth: The Promise of Tropical Forest Regeneration in an Age of Deforestation. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press, 2014.
DIAS, A.C. Floristic composition, phytosociology, species diversity and samples methods comparison in the dense ombrophilous forest in the Carlos Botelho State Park/SP – Brazil (Portuguese), 2005, PhD thesis, University of São Paulo, São Paulo.
GARCIA, M. A.A. Hillside Recovery (Portuguese). São Paulo: LCTE Editora, 2005.
GUILHERME, F.A.G., MORELLATO, L.P.C.; ASSIS, M.A. Horizontal and vertical tree community structure in a lowland Atlantic Rain Forest, Southeastern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Botânica, v. 27, p. 725-737, 2004.
JOLY, C.A. et al. Floristic and phytosociology in permanent plots of the Atlantic Rainforest along an altitudinal gradient in southeastern Brazil (Portuguese), Biota Neotrop, v. 12, P. 123-145, 2012.
JOLY, C.A., METZGER, J.P., TABARELLI, M. Experiences from the B razilian A tlantic F orest: ecological findings and conservation initiatives. New Phytologist, v. 204, n. 3, p. 459-473, 2014.
KURTZ, B.C., ARAÚJO, D.S.D. Floristic composition and structure of the tree component of a stretch of Atlantic Forest at Paraíso State Ecological Station, Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Portuguese). Rodriguésia, v. 51, p. 69-111, 2000.
LAMPRECHT H. Forestry in the tropics: - Forest ecosystems and their tree species: possibilities and methods of sustainable use. Eschborn: Silviculture institute of University of Göttingen, GTZ, 1990.
MANTOVANI, W. Structure and dynamics of the Atlantic Forest in Juréia, Iguape, SP (Portuguese), 1993. PhD Thesis, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo.
MARANDOLA J.R.E. et al. Urban growth and risk areas on the north coast of São Paulo (Portuguese). Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População, v. 30, p. 35-36, 2013.
MORENO, M.R., NASCIMENTO, M.T., KURTZ, B.C. Structure and floristic composition of tree communities in two altitudinal zones in an Atlantic forest in the Imbé Region, RJ, Brazil (Portuguese). Acta Botanica Brasilica, v. 17, p. 371-386, 2003.
MORI, A.S., BOOM, B. Ecological importance of Myrtaceae in an eastern Brazilian wet forest. Biotropica, v. 15, 68-70, 1983.
MOUTINHO, P., MARTINS, O.S., CHRISTOVAM, M., LIMA, A., NEPSTAD, D., CRISOSTOMO, A.C. The emerging REDD+ regime of Brazil. Carbon Management, v. 2, n. 5, p. 587-602, 2011.
MÜLLER-DOMBOIS, D., ELLEMBERG, H. Aims and methods for vegetation ecology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1974.
MYERS, N. et al. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, v. 403, n. 6772, p. 853, 2000.
NEVES, D.M. et al. Dissecting a biodiversity hotspot: The importance of environmentally marginal habitats in the Atlantic Forest Domain of South America. Diversity and Distributions, v. 23, n. 8, p. 898-909, 2017.
OLDEMAN, R.A.A. Tropical rain forest, architecture, silvigenesis, and diversity. In: SUTTON, S.L.; WHITMORE, T.C., CHADWICK, A.C. Tropical rain forest: ecology and management. Oxford: Blackwell, 1983. p. 131-150.
OLIVEIRA FILHO, A.T., FONTES, M.A.L. Patterns of floristic differentiation among Atlantic forests in Southeastern Brazil, and the influence of climate. Biotropica, v. 32, p. 793-810, 2000.
PADGURCHI, M.C.G. et al. Floristic composition and similaritie between areas of Montane Atlantic Rainforest, São Paulo, Brazil. (Portuguese), Biota Neotropica, v. 11, p. 139-152, 2011.
PEREIRA, P.R.B.; NUNES, L.H. Rain distribution and environmental problems in the municipality of São Sebastião, State of São Paulo, Brasil. In: 6TH MEETING OF GEOGRAPHERS OF LATIN AMERICA. Buenos Aires, 9p, 1997.
RAMOS, E. et al. Study of the arboreal component in two areas of the Submontane Rainforest in Ubatuba, São Paulo State. Biota Neotropica, v, 11, p.313-335, 2011.
REJOU-MECHAIN M, TANGUY A, PIPONIOT C, CHAVE J, HÉRAULT B. biomass: an r package for estimating above‐ground biomass and its uncertainty in tropical forests. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 8, n. 9, p.1163-1167, 2017.
REZENDE, C. L. et al. From hotspot to hopespot: An opportunity for the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Perspectives in ecology and conservation, v. 16, n. 4, p. 208-214, 2018.
RIBEIRO, M.C. et al. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest: How much is left, and how is the remaining forest distributed? Implications for conservation. Biological conservation, v. 142, n. 6, p. 1141-1153, 2009.
Robim, M.J. et al. Arboreal and herbaceous flora of Campos do Jordão State Park (SP) (Portuguese), Revista do Instituo Florestal, v.2, p. 31-53, 1990.
SCARANO, F.R., CEOTTO, P. Brazilian Atlantic forest: impact, vulnerability, and adaptation to climate change. Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 24, n. 9, p. 2319-2331, 2015.
SOARES-FILHO, B., et al. Cracking Brazil’s forest code. Science, v.344, p.363–364, 2014.
SILVEIRA-JUNIOR, W.J., SALVIO, G.M.M., MOURA, A.S., SOUZA, C.R., FONTES, M.A.L. Payment for Environmental Services: alleviating the conflict of parks versus people. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, v. 32, n. 1, p. 8-16, 2020.
Souza ALR, Alvarez G, Andrade JCS (2013) Mercado Regulado de Carbono no Brasil: um ensaio sobre Divergências Contábil e Tributária dos créditos de carbono. Organizações & Sociedade, v. 20, n. 67, p. 675-697, 2013.
SZTUTMAN, M., RODRIGUES, R.R. Vegetational mosaic of contiguous forest area in a coastal plain, Campina do Encantado State Park, Pariquera-Açu, SP, SP. Revista Brasileira de Botânica, v. 25, p. 161-176, 2002.
TABARELLI, M., MANTOVANI, W. The richness of tree species in the Atlantic hillside forest in the state of São Paulo (Brazil) (Portuguese). Revista Brasileira de Botânica, 25, p. 217-233, 1999.
TABARELLI, M. et al. Challenges and opportunities for biodiversity conservation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Conservation Biology, v. 19, n. 3, p. 695-700, 2005.
THOMAS, S.C., MARTIN, A.R. Carbon content of tree tissues: a synthesis. Forests 3 (2): 332-352, 2012.
VELOSO, H.P., RANGEL FILHO, A.L.R.; LIMA, J.C.A. Classification of Brazilian vegetation, adapted to a universal system (Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 1991.
ZHANG, D. Payments for forest-based environmental services: a close look. Forest Policy and Economics, v. 72, p.78-84, 2016.
Downloads
Arquivos adicionais
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
A Revista Agrogeoambiental é um periódico científico de acesso aberto e gratuito.
A submissão de artigos e demais obras de comunicação científica para a Revista Agrogeoambiental implica plena aceitação pelo autor e pelos coautores da política de direitos autorais abaixo:
● Autor e coautores mantêm os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
● Autor e coautores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho on-line (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) após seu aceite e publicação pela Revista Agrogeoambiental - mantendo o reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
● Autor e coautores declaram que a obra é de autoria deles e responsabilizam-se por sua originalidade e pelas opiniões nela contidas.
● Após aceito e publicado o artigo, autor e coautores autorizam o editor a divulgar em mídias e modalidades de escolha do editor.
● O autor e os coautores resguardam os direitos autorais morais do obra publicada.
