Sensitivity of conventional corn hybrids to simulated drift of glyphosate
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18406/2316-1817v18nunico20262082Keywords:
Biomatrix BM3051. Semeali XB8018. Hormesis. Phytotoxicity.Abstract
Sharing agricultural areas with genetically modified corn, conventional corn is subject to drift of glyphosate applied to adjacent areas, requiring evaluation of consequences from this intoxication. Thus, this work was developed in order to evaluate the sensitivity of two conventional corn hybrids to subdoses of glyphosate herbicide. Three similar experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, between November 2023 and May 2024. The first and second experiments assessed the Biomatrix BM3051 conventional hybrid corn; the third experiment evaluated the Semeali XB8018 hybrid corn. All experiments used five subdoses of the glyphosate herbicide, at a highest dose applied of 144 g ha−1. Plants were sprayed at a vegetative stage of three to four leaves. Qualitative (description of anatomical and morphological changes) and quantitative symptoms were evaluated using a visual scale of phytotoxicity and dry matter mass. Glyphosate doses equal to or greater than 36 g ha−1 led to significant intoxication of corn plants, possibly reducing dry matter. Biomatrix BM3051 had greater sensitivity to glyphosate intoxication compared with Semeali XB8018 corn. Most common phytotoxic symptoms observed included (in increasing order of intensity): slight reduction in size, yellowish streaks, wrinkling of the leaf blade, chlorosis or bleaching of young leaves, purplish leaf blade, curled leaves similar to drought damage, excessive formation of adventitious roots, necrosis of older leaves, generalized necrosis, tillering and meristematic damage. For the hybrid Semeali XB8018, glyphosate-induced hormetic effect occurred at doses below 36 g ha−1. Considering 1,440 g ha−1 of glyphosate as a maximum dose, the 36 g ha−1 subdose equals 2.5%. Thus, the severe toxic symptoms observed in the field may result from improper applications rather than from glyphosate drift into adjacent areas.
References
AZEVEDO, L.P.N.; ROCHA, T.B.; GONÇALVES, F.B.; RIBEIRO, A.B.N.; AIRES, V.B.; ERASMO, E.A.L.; SILVA, K.L.F. Physiological and anatomical responses of Eugenia dysenterica to glyphosate. Rodriguésia, v.74, e01172022, 2023.
BLACKSHAW, R.E.; HARKER, K.N. Selective weed control with glyphosate in glyphosate- resistant spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Technology, v.16, n.4, p.885-892, 2002.
BRIGHENT, A. M.; OLIVEIRA, M. F. Biologia de plantas daninhas. In.: OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, R.S.; CONSTANTIN, J.; INOUE, M.H. Biologia e manejo de plantas daninhas. Curitiba: Omnipax, 2011. p.1-36.
CALABRESE, E. J.; BALDWIN, L. A. Applications of hormesis in toxicology, risk assessment and chemotherapeutics. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, v. 23, n.7, p. 331-337, 2002.
CAMPOS, C.F.; BARROSO, A.A.M.; SILVA JÚNIOR, A.C.; GONÇALVES, C.G.; MARTINS, D. Periods of weed interference in maize crops cultivated in the first and second cycles. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, v.37, n.5, p.2867-2880, 2016.
CARVALHO, L.B.; BIANCO, S.; PITELLI, R.A.; BIANCO, M.S. Estudo comparativo do acúmulo de massa seca e macronutrientes por plantas de milho var. BR-106 e Brachiaria planaginea. Planta Daninha, v.25, n.2, p.293-301, 2007
CIUBERKIS, S.; BERNOTAS, S.; RAUDONIUS, S.; FELIX, J. Effect of weed emergence time and intervals of weed and crop competition on potato yield. Weed Technology, v.21, n.1 p.213- 218, 2010.
CODOGNOTO, L.C.; FARIA, G.A.; MALTONI, K.L.; CONDE, T.T. Glyphosate induced hormesis in Urochloa cultivars with sequential application. Ciência Animal Brasileira, v.24, e-75471E, 2023.
CONAB. Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento. Acompanhamento da safra brasileira de grãos. Safra 2023/24. Levantamento 12. Brasília: Conab, 2024. 117 p.
CONTINI. E.; MOTA, M. M.; MARRA, R.; BORGHI, E.; MIRANDA, R. A.; SILVA, A. F.; SILVA, D. D.; MACHADO, J. R. A.; COTA, L. V.; COSTA, R. V.; MENDES, S. M. Série Desafios do Agronegócio Brasileiro (NT2): Milho – Caracterização e Desafios Tecnológicos. Brasília, DF: Embrapa, 2019. 45 p.
DUARTE, J.O.; MATTOSO, M.J.; GARCIA, J. C. Milho: importância socioeconômica. Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, 2016. Disponível em: https://www.embrapa.br/agencia-de-informacao-tecnologica/cultivos/milho/pre-producao/socioeconomia/importancia-socioeconomica Acesso em: 4 jun. 2025.
DUKE S.O.; CEDERGREEN, N.; VELINI, E.D.; BELZ, R. Hormesis: is it an important factor in herbicide use and allelopathy? Outlooks on Pest Management, v.17, n.1, p.29-33, 2006.
FAIRCLOTH, W.H.; PATTERSON, M.G.; MONKS, C.D.; GOODMAN, W.R. Weed management programs for glyphosate-tolerant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Technology, v.15, n.3, p.544–551, 2001.
FOLONI, L. L.; VELINI, E. D.; CARBONARI, C. A.; RODRÍGUES, J. D.; ONO, E. O.; CRUZ, R. A. D. L. Glyphosate residues in coffee bean: impact of application methods and compliance with MRLs. Advances in Weed Science, v.42, e020240060, 2024.
FRANS, R. E. Measuring plant response. In: WIKINSON, R. E. (Ed). Research methods in weed science. [S.1.]: Southern Weed Science Society, 1972. p. 28-41.
FREITAS, S.P.; MOREIRA, J.G.; FREITAS, I.L.J.; FREITAS JÚNIOR, S.P.; AMARAL JÚNIOR, A.T.; SILVA, V.Q.R. Fitotoxicidade de herbicidas a diferentes cultivares de milho-pipoca. Planta Daninha, v.27, n.esp., p.1095-1103, 2009.
GALLARDO, G.J.T.; BACHA, A.L.; CARREGA, W.C.; JOSÉ, A.R.S.; ALVES, P.L.C.A. Can occur hormesis in guinea grass using glyphosate? Advances in Weed Science, v.39, n. 1, p. 1-8, 2021.
GAVRILESCU, M. Fate of pesticides in the environment and its bioremediation. Engineering in Life Sciences, v.5, n.6, p.485-590, 2005.
JAWORSKI, E.G. Mode of action of N-phosphonomethylglycine: inhibition of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 20, n. 6, p. 1195-1198, 1972.
KARAM, D.; CRUZ, M. B.; RIZZARDI, M. A. Manejo de plantas daninhas na cultura do milho. Sete Lagoas: Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, 2008. 15 p.
KARAM, D.; MELHORANÇA, A. L.; OLIVEIRA, M. F. Plantas daninhas na cultura do milho. Sete Lagoas: Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, 2006. 8p.
KOZLOWSKI, L.A.; KOELER, H.S.; PITELLI, R.A. Épocas e extensões do período de convivência das plantas daninhas interferindo na produtividade da cultura do milho (Zea mays). Planta Daninha, v.27, n.3, p.481-490, 2009.
MAGALHÃES, P.C.; SILVA, J.B.; DURÃES, F.O.M.; KARAM, D.; RIBEIRO, L.S. Efeito de doses reduzidas de glyphosate e paraquat simulando deriva na cultura do milho. Planta Daninha, v.19, n.2, p.247-253, 2001.
MANÇANARES, L.B.; GONÇALVES NETTO, A.; ANDRADE, J.F.; PRESOTO, J.C.; SILVA, L.J.F.; CARVALHO, S.J.P. Seletividade de tembotrione aplicado em diferentes estádios fenológicos da cultura do milho safrinha. Revista Agrogeoambiental, v.10, n.4, p.65-73, 2018.
PEREIRA, F.C.M.; NEPOMUCENO, M.P.; PIRES, R.N.; PARREIRA, M.C.; ALVES, P.L.C.A. Response of Eucalyptus (E. urograndis) at different doses of glyphosate. Journal of Agricultural Science, v.5, n.1, p.66-74, 2013.
RITCHIE, S.W.; HANWAY, J.J.; BENSON, G.O. How a corn plant develops. Ames: Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 1993. 26p. (Special report, 48).
ROSA, V. C. S.; BRAZ, G. B. P.; SOUZA, M. de F.; PROCÓPIO, S. de O.; FERREIRA, C. J. B.; SILVA, A. G. Da; CARMO E. L. do. Herbicide selectivity for conventional maize hybrid. Revista Caatinga, v. 38, e12494, 2025.
SBCPD – SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DA CIÊNCIA DAS PLANTAS DANINHAS. Procedimentos para instalação, avaliação e análise de experimentos com herbicidas. Londrina: SBCPD, 1995. 42p.
SCHNEIDER, T.; MICHELON, F.; BORTOLOTTO, R. P.; CAMERA, J. N.; MACHADO, J. M.; KOEFENDER, J. Controle químico de buva em dessecação pré-semeadura da soja. Weed Control Journal, v.21, e202200766, 2022.
SILVA, A. A.; VARGAS, L.; WERLANG, R. C. Manejo de plantas daninhas na cultura do milho. In: GALVÃO, J. C. C.; MIRANDA, G. V. Tecnologia de produção do milho. Viçosa: UFV, 2008. p. 269-310.
SILVA, J.C.; ARF, O.; GERLACH, G.A.X.; KURYIAMA, C.S.; RODRIGUES, R.A.F. Efeito hormese de glyphosate em feijoeiro. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, v.42, n.3, p.295-302, 2012.
SILVA, M. A.; ARAGÃO, N.C.; BARBOSA, M.A.; JERONIMO, E.M.; CARLIN, S.D. Efeito hormótico de glyphosate no desenvolvimento inicial de cana-de-açúcar. Bragantia, v. 68, n. 4, p. 973-978, 2009.
USDA – U.S. Department of Agriculture. Corn – top producing countries. Disponível em: https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/production/commodity/0440000 Acesso em: 9 out. 2025.
VASCONCELOS, M. C. C.; SILVA, A. F. A.; LIMA, R. S. Interferência de plantas daninhas sobre plantas cultivadas. ACSA – Agropecuária Científica no Semi-Árido, v. 8, n. 1, p. 1-6, 2012.
VELINI, E.D.; ALVES, E.; GODOY, M.C.; MESCHEDE, D.K.; SOUZA, R.T.; DUKE, S.O. Glyphosate at low doses can stimulate plant growth. Pest Management Science, v.64, n.4, p.489-496, 2008.
WAGNER, R.; KOGAN, M.; PARADA, A. M. Phytotoxic activity of root absorbed glyphosate in corn seedlings (Zea mays L.). Weed Biology Management, v. 3, n. 4, p. 228- 232, 2003.
ZABLOTOWICZ, R. M.; REDDY, K. N. Impact of glyphosate and Bradyrhizobium japonicum symbiosis with glyphosate-resistant transgenic soybean: a minireview. Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 33, n. 3, p. 825-831, 2004.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Saul Jorge Pinto de Carvalho, Marcelle de Oliveira Dias, Gilmar José Picoli Junior, Ramiro Fernando López Ovejero
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright Notice
All of the Revista Agrogeoambiental’s articles and reviews are free to access immediately after its publication.
When submitting a paper to Revista Agrogeoambiental, the authors accept the following copyright policies:
- Authors maintain the copyrights and grant the journal the right of first publication. The paper is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows the sharing of the work as long as it acknowledges the author and the initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are free and encouraged to store their work elsewhere, for instance in institutional repositories or websites such as academia.edu to increase circulation.
- Authors assume their authorship and are responsible for the originality and opinions in their papers.
- After the article acceptance and publishing by Revista Agrogeoambiental, the authors allow the editor to publicize the work in other medias.
- Moral rights are granted to the authors.
